As of January 1, 2005, the number of inhabitants of the district was 519,300 people (in towns - 82.8 percent, countryside - 17.2 percent), density of population - 0.7 persons per 1 square kilometer. The biggest population growth in recent years has been in cities like Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Muravlenko.

The annual average number of the resident population in 2006 is anticipated to be 530,000 people.

According to anticipation survey, by 2008 the autonomous district population will increase up to 537,000 people, which is 10,000 above the current number.

The rise in the number of population is due to natural increase by 4,000 people per year on average.

The autonomous district is one of a few Russian regions having a positive natural increase of population, which can be explained with a high standard of living and dynamic social policies carried out in the region.

With all this, the percentage of retired people among the general population is growing gradually, although this index is much lower than the corresponding index throughout Russian Federation and is presently around 16 percent of total population.